Hazard identification and Risk assessments

HSMS Gap Analysis and Hazard Identification Risk Assessments

Description of APM Terminals

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Legal Environment

Review of the Health and Safety Management System

Description

Gap Analysis

Hazard Identification

Physical Hazards

Health and Welfare Hazards

Risk Assessment

Physical Hazard — Working at Height – Scaffolding

Health & Welfare Hazard — Noise

Action Plans

Action Plan 1 – Management System

Action Plan 2 — Hazards and Risks

Barbour Checklist: BS OHSAS 18001 Audit Checklist

Occupational health and safety management has numerous benefits for business, not only an employer’s duty of care, a legal and moral obligation but also critical part of business equal in importance to other business functions like finance, marketing and production. When health and safety is embedded as part of business, results would be, good company image and reputation, better employee motivation and morale, improved efficiency and ultimately increased profitability.

The implementation of a sound health, safety and environment (HSE) management system provide an effective framework to minimize or prevent accidents and ill health.

The aim of this report is to assist decision-making, planning and implementation of the construction projects, by minimizing the risks to employees and associated workers with the construction activities. Thereby, improving the cost effectiveness, reducing indirect costs due to business interruptions and improve employee engagement and that of the public. The review was conducted in line with the Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1974 and applicable regulations and Approved Codes of Practice (ACoP’s).

APM Terminals Construction’s (APMTC’s) HSE management system is modelled on the recognised BS OHSAS 18001:2007 health and safety management system. A gap analyses were conducted to identify the gaps and non-conformance and are prioritized according to the criticality of the gap.

Moreover, the study identifies non-conformance and gaps in the Health and Safety management, which can cause hazards to personnel assets. The report also demonstrates evidences that there is a lack of visible leadership with regards to the implementation of the HSE programmes. More importantly, the study reviews most important hazards to identify whether the risks have been reduced to an tolerable level, and however, the paper finds that the reduction of the hazards level is inadequate. The study evaluates and measures the risk associated with working at height and noise to reduce them to a level as ALARP (As Low as Reasonably Practicable).

HSE assurance is provided by identifying and managing risks, according to the principles of risk tolerance, risk reduction and continuous performance improvement. The ALARP control principle is achieved when additional measures which could be taken to reduce the residual risk are no longer deemed to be practical or cost-effective, i.e. ensuring that risks that cannot be eliminated are reduced to ALARP. This report applying the ALARP principle to ensure that risks to life, asset, reputation and the environment are reduced and controlled to acceptable levels.

All relevant hazards arising from the organizations activities have been identified. Two most significant hazards have been selected and detailed risk assessments were carried out to identify residual risks and recommend mitigation measures to conform to the ALARP.

The paper recommends the best industry practice, economic, technical and health and safety considerations. The study believes that a platform is essential for presenting or coordinating key issues that need consensus and to be conveyed to all departments as quickly as possible to discuss safety related issues.

The study also believes that the best strategy to identify all hazards and risks is by breaking down all critical jobs and critically assess the risks involved. This strategy assists in carrying out the risk assessments for all critical jobs. However, application of the recommendation is critical because non-compliance with the recommendations can lead to litigation, loss customers, and consequently lead to a loss of revenue.

2. Introduction

Construction projects are by nature very complex and unique, risks can present themselves in a number of forms, some more controllable than others. Construction is deemed a high risk and dangerous industry and account for numerous fatalities every year (Construction safety, OSHA.gov). The organization will benefit largely by improving health and safety on site, ensuring that risks are identified and controlled which in turn will lead to less accidents, less exposure to ill-health and improving better worker morale, resulting in less interruptions to production, financial benefits in avoiding costs on accidents as well as legal compliance to legislation and regulations.

This report provides an assessment of the organization’s health and safety management system including risk management and existing controls, it further demonstrates how the organization can achieve health and safety objectives and how the statutes, legal requirements and health and safety standards can be met in a methodical and auditable manner.

2.1 Aims and Objectives

It is important to develop safer ways of working to ensure that works are done on a timely manner, with less resources and less delays due to accidents and absenteeism due to illness. Therefore the aim of this report is to demonstrate to senior management that a thorough review of the HSE management system is undertaken, risks are identified and gaps addressed to ensure additional control measures are put in place to make the associated risks as low as reasonably practicable.

Therefore key objectives are:

1. To review APMTC’s HSE Management system and evaluate it against the BS OHSAS 18001:2007 standard in order to establish areas of non-conformance and identify the opportunities for improvement.

2. To identify and evaluate the significant hazards which APMTC’s employees are exposed to during the course of their work as well as existing control measures.

3. To carry out risk assessments on the two most significant hazards identified (one physical and one health and welfare hazard). The risk assessments are used to evaluate the adequacy of the existing controls and to propose SMART (Specific, Measureable, Attainable and Time bound) recommendations to further increase the level of control associated with these hazards.

4. Each recommendation is in line with resources available to APMTC and is justified by means of a cost benefit analysis clearly showing the legal, moral and financial implications.

Each recommendation is tabulated in the form of step by step action plan to aid with implementation by the organisation. The recommendations are time bound with target dates, specific actions are described, budgets and responsible persons are allocated to ensure implementation.

2.2.Methodology

A multi-faceted approach was taken in conducting this review. An audit was carried out over a 2 day period from 21 to 23 August 2016 and involved both office and site-based evaluations of the management system and workplace hazards. The first part of the audit involved assessing compliance of the management system to the BS OHSAS 18001:2007 standard. A desktop study of the APMTC HSE management system were carried out to assess if the content met the requirements of the standard.

Relevant applicable legislations like Control of Noise at Work regulations 2005 and The Work at Height Regulations (2005) were considered as well as relevant ACoP’s such the Management of Health and Safety at Work ACoP & Guidance for the Management of health and safety at work Regulations 1999, (HSE Books, 2000).

Interviews were undertaken with a cross section of the workforce which included, supervisors, crane drivers, scaffolders, truck drivers, security guards and the water purification plant supervisor. A Health and Safety survey developed for this report was used to identify issues surrounding the implementation of the management system. The information gathered during these activities was then captured using a gap analysis tool (see appendix A) for the requirements of the BS OHSAS 18001:2007 standard.

Site tours were carried out in order to identify the hazards associated with work activities which included working at height (scaffolds), construction activities, crane driving, transport and movement of vehicles, maintenance of equipment in the workshop, working on electrical systems and the operation and maintenance of water networks and pumping station.

Interviews were undertaken with workers in each of the areas in order to assess their understanding of the hazards associated with their jobs and controls in place to address the risks. In addition to the site based activities a question was also included in the interviews which required employees to first state their job type from a list of options and then to indicate hazards which they felt they could be exposed to when carrying out their work.

Significant hazards were identified, considerations were made to determine who could be harmed and how, what existing controls are in place and what additional controls are needed, the hazards were evaluated and ranked using the HSE’s 5 by 5 risk matrix based on likelihood and severity of the hazard occurring. The two most significant hazards were then selected and detailed risk assessments specific to the hazard type were carried out. Based on the findings from the gap analysis and risk assessments, recommendations are detailed which are justified by means of a cost benefit analysis which takes the time, effort, sacrifice and budget required to address the identified risks (HSE’s Five Steps to Risk Assessment, INDG163, Revision 3).

Employment Profile (age range, sex, nationality)

The APM Terminals Construction (APMTC) hires people from different nationalities. Typically, the organization does not discriminate with regards to sex, national origin, race, gender and religious belief. In conformity with employment regulation, the company hires people between 21 years and above However, over 75% of workers at APMTC are between 25 and 55. While the company does not discriminate with regards to sex orientation, the number of male workers outnumber female workers with the ratio of 90% to 10%. However, the company employs people from different nationalities.

Work Patterns (hours worked, days worked, shift work etc.)

The normal working hours for the organization is from 07:00 to 19:00 hours and workers are rotated not to exceed more than 8 hours a day, 6 days a week. Night work if required is not beyond 22:00 hours.

2.3 Description of APM Terminals Construction (APMTC)

APMTC is a medium sized civil construction company specializing in the construction of marine port expansion projects, known internally as Brownfield Projects.

The main construction projects currently undertaken in UAE are as follows:

Construction of a workshop

Construction of three commercial buildings

Water pipeline works in the vicinity and associated activities

Operation and maintenance of water networks and a pumping station

The organization has been certified to the ISO: 9001: 2000 standard and has a HSE management system developed based on BS OSHAS 18000:2007 guidelines. The organization is headed by a board of directors and the local operation is led by a Managing Director (MD); Middle East Operations. The MD, Middle East is functionally responsible for all aspects related to the organization’s operations in the UAE and reports to the Chief Operations Officer (COO) based in The Hague office. The organization has a project, procurement, surveying, and human resources department.

Each project is managed by a Project Manager who has a team of project engineers, designers, site engineers, foremen and team leaders. One HSE Engineer has been appointed to manage and monitor the implementation of the Health and Safety management system during operations.

The majority of the labour is from Bangladesh and India, they are mostly unskilled. The organization holds major equipment and earth moving plant like excavators, bull dozers, graders, back hoes, piling rigs etc., lifting equipment like mobile cranes of various capacities and machineries like generators, compressors etc. A typical project is executed in the following phases:

1. Site mobilization and establishment

2. Surveying, testing and soil investigations

3. Substructure/ Excavations and re-enforcements

4. Piling and foundations

5. Structural steel erection

6. Concrete frame construction

7. Pre-cast floors and panels

8. External claddings and roofing

9. Finishes — Plastering/screeding and floor finishing

10. Carpentry and joinery

11. Services — plumbing and mechanical

The projects are administered from the site offices which are located at the site of construction and have administrative staff including cleaners and security guards etc. Site office also has office space for the client and consultant representatives. The site offices are marked and fenced with proper access controls and security gates. Electricity and water supply are provided by the utility distribution organization. Besides that, the organization has a number of generators installed as standby. A workshop is established within the site premises to carry out carpentry, welding, steel fixing and cutting. A vehicle maintenance area is earmarked away from the construction area within the site premises for cleaning, general servicing etc. There is a canteen managed by a sub-contractor which cater for the workers and staff food. Adequate number of ablution facilities and a drinking water facility is established and welfare breakout areas are established in case of adverse weather, heat or wind which occur from time to time. First aiders and first aid boxes are available to tend to minor injuries. The nearest clinic is 3 kilometres away from the site location.

2.4 Legal environment

There are two key regulations issued as federal decree in the United Arab Emirates, The Ministerial Order 32 (1982) and UAE Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (Federal Law No. 8/1980), which broadly covers the main responsibilities of employers and employees on health and safety affairs. There are no interpretations or associated ACoP’s and guidelines available. Abu Dhabi municipality is the public authority who regulates the health and safety on all development activities in the UAE. Abu Dhabi Municipality Health and Safety guidelines are based on the EU standards and it covers all activities on a construction site. UAE Ministry of Health Regulations regulate all health related affairs in the country.

By the virtue of the organization operating as a branch of The Netherlands (EU), the EU regulations are also applicable on all its operations. The Legal system in UAE is similar to EU law and is divided into two branches, the criminal and the civil. A single safety violation could lead both to civil and a criminal law action. In general, the organization is also vicariously liable for the damages caused by employees while they are acting in the course of their employment and as a reasonable employee would act. All issues concerned with rights and duties of individuals will be dealt under Civil Law. Criminal Law characterizes certain kind of wrongdoing as offences against the state, not necessarily violating the rights of individuals, and punishable by the state. Unlike the EU there are no separate court systems for Civil and Criminal cases in UAE. The enforcement authority in health and safety matters is the Health and Safety section of UAE Labour Department or the local authority i.e., Abu Dhabi Municipality acting on its behalf.

Therefore, the most important piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the workplace is the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW 1974). It specifies the general duties placed on employers and employees.

Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM 2007) is the key regulations for the construction sector. The regulations are made under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. The Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) Managing health and safety in construction. Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 helps to ensure they follow the CDM 2007. Following the guidance given in the ACoP ensures that the duty holder comply with the minimum accepted standards. The ACoP also includes a copy of the original CDM 2007 regulations.

The other main source of legal rules relating to health and safety in the construction industry are the following regulations and are currently in force:

1. The Construction (Head protection) regulations 1989 – is designed to provide protection, so far as is reasonably practicable, against foreseeable risks of injury to the head to which the workers are exposed in a construction atmosphere.

2. The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 – These Regulations impose requirements with respect to the health, safety and welfare of persons at work carrying out “construction work.” The arrangements in the regulation cover all activities on a construction site.

3. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (in association with The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998) and associated ACoP’s and guidelines: Simple guide to PUWER 98 INDG 291; Safe Use of Ladders and Step Ladders: An employer’s guide. — Applicable to all lifting equipment and operations as well as access equipment and other machineries and tools used during a construction activities.

4. The Working at Heights Regulations 2005 and associated ACoP INDG 401 – For all activities where a person could be injuring falling, even if it is at or below ground level. Also includes moving around at a place of work, but not travel to or from a place of work.

5. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 – Applicable for activities involving handling hazardous substances like paints, solvents, cement etc. during the construction works.

6. The Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 – Consultation with employees who are not represented by safety representatives under the 1977 Regulations. Hence, the organization shall consult those employees in good time on matters relating to their health and safety at work.

7. Employers’ Liability Compulsory Insurance Act 1969 — and associated guidelines, A Guide for Employers HSE 40(rev1) – Organization is required by the law to insure against liability for injury or disease to their employees arising out of their employment.

8. Social Security Act (Claims and Payments) Regulations 1979.

9. Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) – Reporting of fatalities, serious injuries and dangerous occurrences.

In addition, there are a number of relevant regulations that were passed in order to comply with EC directives on type examination certificates of approval and European Union (EU) directives. These include:

1. Construction Plant and Equipment (Harmonization of Noise Emission Standards) Regulations 1988 (as amended).

2. Falling Object Protective Structure for Construction Plant (EC Requirements) Regulations 1988.

3. Roll-over Protective Structures for Construction Plant (EC Requirements) Regulations 1988.

4. Construction Sites Directive (92/57/EEC).

5. Working Time Directive (93/104/EEC).

By virtue of the legal framework, the management has undertaken all necessary protocol to conform with the frameworks in order to abide with the law. Thus, the management has been able to conform with the law to implement adequate safety procedures. While the safety procedures have assisted in enhancing effective changes nevertheless, conforming to health and safety is not adequate, which can make the company not 100% conforming to legal frameworks.

3. Review of the Health and Safety Management System

3.1 Description of Health and Safety Management System

The organization operates a HSE Management System which embraces the principle of BS OHSAS 18001:2007 “Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems”.

The Health and Safety Management System of the organization remains structured in 3 parts.

Part 1: the Policy Document or statement of intent, states how the organization’s top management implement their health and safety policy and is displayed on some of the organizations notice boards. It gives others an overview of their management system.

Part 2: contains Organizational Procedures, guidance notes and key standard forms – the ‘how to’ of the system. Supporting documents such as checklists and generic forms are referenced from here. It broadly covers the following:

Organizing

Planning and Implementation

Performance measurement

Audit and management review

Part 3: comprises supporting documentation and guidance and includes some generic documentation, toolbox talks, hazard checklists and safety standards for common operations and tasks.

The Health and Safety Management System, (Part 2), contains the following sections:

Section 1: Manual Structure and Information — This introduction also includes useful contacts, abbreviations, and information sources.

Section 2: Health and Safety Responsibilities gives details of specific Health and Safety responsibilities for key appointments, various departments and organization employees.

Section 3: CDM, Contract start, commissioning and handover gives guidance on the CDM duties of clients, designers, planning supervisors, principal contractors and sub-contractors. Guidance is provided for producing the health and safety file and post contract works.

Section 4: Risk Assessment — There is guidance of a general risk assessment and for unusual activities at design phases. It also covers the production and the issue of work permits.

Section 5: Procedures for inspection and audit gives guidance on those inspections that must be carried out as required by the law and by the organization. This includes the safety programmes and monthly checks. Guidance on disciplinary procedures is also in this section for use during the projects.

Section 6: Incident reporting and investigation describes how accidents and incidents are managed and reported. It also gives guidance in accident investigation, compiling information and dealing with insurance claims.

Section 7: Performance indicators — This section provides guidance on active and reactive performance measurements and completing monthly Health and safety reports.

Section 8: Welfare and site establishment details the minimum standards for all welfare facilities whether in a fixed location or site location.

Section 9: Fire and Emergency plans provide guidance on planning for fire and emergency in permanent establishments, temporary accommodations or on site.

Section 10: Occupational health gives guidance on controlling risks to health from many sources in the work place including vibration, COSHH materials.

Section 11: Plant and tools gives guidance on controlling risks through procurement, operator competence, use and maintenance, including statutory inspections.

The APMTC Safety Management System (SMS) has been structured to align with the components of the BS OHSAS 18001:2007 management system standard shown above as follows:

3.1.1 Occupational Health and Safety Policy

The APMTC’s Occupational health and safety policy is a simple and clear document which outlines the company’s vision and commitment to health and safety. All requirements of the standard such as the commitment to meet all relevant legislative requirements, to provide sufficient resources are outlined within the policy document. Finally, the policy is signed by the Managing Director as a demonstration of management commitment. The policy is communicated to all employees within the company by email, with copies of the policy posted on health and safety notice boards and is available on the intranet. It should be noted that the policy document has not been dated which makes it unclear when last it has been updated. Through consultation with some of the workers it was found that they were unaware of the content of the health and safety policy. As being revealed in the fig 1, the safety and environment (HSE) model is based on continuous improvement where the management review, plan, monitor and implementing the appropriate safety measure to adopt safety and health policy within the organization.

Fig 1: Health and Safety Continuous Improvement

In fig 2, the management also implements the health and safety management model to conform with the OSHAS 18001 model. The strategy include the identification of the process of work activities, check the activities that can cause harms to workers, reduce the risks that can lead to hazard, improving the work environment and verify whether the measures to protect workers have been implemented properly.

Fig 2: Health and Safety Conforming with OSHAS 18001 Model

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3.2 Gap analysis

Gap Analysis of the Health and Safety Management System (Barbour Checklist: BS OHSAS 18001 Audit Checklist, 2016)

Health and Safety Management System Gap Analysis

Compliance (Yes/No)

Gap/ Comments

Priority*

General requirements/ HSE Management System

Has an HSE management system been established, documented, implemented, maintained and continually improved in accordance with the requirements of the OHSAS Standard?

Yes

Has the organisation determined how it will fulfil these requirements?

Yes

A yearly safety plan with objectives established

Is the scope of the HSE management system defined and documented?

Yes

Contained within the document

General requirements/HSE Policy

Written policy statement of intent which is signed dated and communicated to all employees.

Partly Yes

Statement of intent (Policy document) not dated and not communicated to all.

Health and Safety of employees is considered as an important business objective by top management.

Yes

Top management committed to continuous improvement.

Yes

A named senior manager is appointed for overall responsibility for implementing health and safety policy.

No person by name is appointed to take overall responsibility for health and safety affairs.

Policy encourages involvement of employees and safety representatives in the health and safety.

Yes

Includes a commitment to ensuring that all employees are competent to do their jobs safely without risks to health and safety.

Yes

Responsibilities clearly defined to all personnel including managers, supervisors and team leaders.

Partly Yes

Responsibilities of top management is not defined.

All personnel including manager, supervisor and team leaders accept their responsibilities and have adequate time and resources and competence to fulfil them.

No defined budget has been allocated for health and safety programmes.

All personnel including managers, supervisors and team leaders fully aware of what to do and how they will be held accountable for health and safety.

Yes

Planning/ Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls

Has a procedure been established, implemented and maintained for ongoing hazard identification, risk assessment, and determination of necessary controls?

Yes

Is the methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment proactive rather than reactive (in terms of scope, nature and timing)? Does it ensure the identification, prioritisation and documentation of risks, and the application of controls?

Yes

Does the organisation identify risks associated with changes in the organisation, the management system, or its activities, prior to the introduction of such changes?

Yes

When determining risk controls, is consideration given to a hierarchy of controls?

Yes

Are the HSE risks and determined controls taken into account when

establishing, implementing and maintaining its HSE management system?

Yes

Planning/Legal and other requirements

Has a procedure been established, implemented and maintained for identifying and accessing applicable legal and other requirements?

Yes

Is the information kept up to date?

Yes

Is relevant information on legal and other requirements communicated to those who need it?

Yes

Objectives and programme(s)

Are documented HSE objectives (with programmes for their achievement) established, implemented and maintained at relevant functions and levels within the organisation?

Yes

Functional plans

Are objectives measurable, where practicable, and consistent with the HSE policy?

Yes

For the achievement of objectives, are responsibilities, authorities, resources and time-frames designated?

Yes

Implementation and Operation/ Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability and authority

Is a member of top management assigned specific responsibility for HSE, with defined roles and authority for:

ensuring the HSE management system is established, implemented and maintained?

ensuring that performance reports are presented to top management for review and used as a basis for improvement of the system?

No person by name is appointed to take overall responsibility for health and safety affairs.

Top management may not have the time to tend to HSE affairs and may also not be aware of status of objectives.

Identification of people responsible for particular health and safety jobs including those requiring special expertise (e.g. HSE Advisors).

Adequate Health and safety persons are not identified/ recruited.

Assessment of experience, knowledge and skills needed to carry out all tasks safely.

Employee training requirements are not communicated to employees and appropriate supervisors.

System for ensuring adequate instruction and training for all employees including managers, supervisors and temporary staff.

No clear training budget/ facility allocated.

Identification of specific training, skills and experience assessment system for people doing hazardous work.

No competency-based training is identified (No training matrix developed).

Arrangements for gaining access to specialist advice and help when needed.

Yes

Implementation and operation/Competence, training and awareness

System for ensuring competence needs, and are met while recruiting, promote or transfer people or when people are assigned health and safety responsibilities (re-organize).

Health and safety competency assessments are not administered as part of recruitment/ promotion process.

Communication, participation and consultation

Consultation with employees and employee safety representative on all issues that affect Health and Safety at work.

Health and safety committee has not been formed and meetings are not held as per planned.

Active health and safety committee chaired by director or senior manager and employees from all divisions are represented.

Meetings are held seldom and senior managers do not attend.

Involvement of workforce in preparing health and safety improvement plans, reviewing performance, undertaking risk assessments, preparing safety related rules and procedures, investigating incidents and problem solving.

Partly Yes

Employee involvement only in incident investigations. No system of addressing employee suggestions available.

Arrangements for cooperating and coordinating with contractors and employment agencies whose employees work at site on health and safety matters.

Yes

Sub-contractors are given a copy of organization Health and Safety plan and require their plan to be in line with the organization requirements.

Health and safety a standing agenda item of regular management meetings and briefings.

Health and safety is discussed only in safety meetings.

Availability of information on hazards, risks and control measures and safe system of work in place which can be easily accessed in the relevant work area.

Yes

All levels of managements are approachable on health and safety issues and encourage staff to discuss health and safety matters.

Yes

Top management, managers and team leaders communicate their commitment to health and safety through leading by example.

Yes

Documentation

Is documentation maintained that is sufficient to ensure that its HSE management system can be adequately understood and effectively and efficiently operated?

Yes

Documentation include:

the HSE policy and objectives

the scope of the HSE management system

the main elements of the system and their interaction, and reference to related documents

documents, including records, required by the OHSAS

Standard documents and records to ensure the effective planning, operation and control of HSE management processes.

Control of documents

Has a procedure been established, implemented and maintained to control documents (other than records) required by the HSE management system by the OHSAS Standard?

Yes

The document control procedure is designed to:

approval of documents for adequacy prior to issue

review, update and re-approval of documents as appropriate

identification of changes and the current revision status of documents

availability of relevant versions of documents at points of use

documents remain legible and readily identifiable

identification and controlled distribution of documents of external origin necessary for planning and operation of the HSE management system

prevention of unintended use of obsolete documents.

Operational control

Have operational controls (including management of change) been implemented and maintained to address the HSE risks identified by the organisation as requiring control?

Partly Yes

Operational controls integrated into the overall HSE management system

Operational controls include:

controls related to purchased goods, equipment and services are not in place pertaining to low noise equipment

controls are in place related to contractors and other visitors to the workplace

documented procedures to cover situations where their absence could lead to deviations from the HSE policy and objectives

specified operating criteria where their absence could lead to deviations from the HSE policy and objectives.

System for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and how to control them and safe systems of work.

Partly Yes

Only generic hazard assessment has been carried out. Each applicable job has not been evaluated using a risk assessment. No hazard register present.

Planning and scheduling health and safety improvement measures and prioritizing their implementation based on the nature and risk rating.

Yes

Arrangements for measurable, realistic and time bound health and safety targets agreed with managers and supervisors.

Objectives and targets are not reviewed and updated annually and no action plan is maintained to achieve the targets.

Procurement (premises, plant, equipment and raw materials) and supply procedures take account of health and safety at the appropriate stage before implementation of the activity.

Yes

Consider health and safety during design processes, equipment procedures, work systems and tasks.

Yes

Health and safety rules and procedures (Part 2) in place covering day to day work activities, foreseeable abnormal situations and maintenance work.

Yes

Emergency preparedness and response

Emergency response procedures.

Partly Yes

Procedure is in place but no testing and evaluation of the emergency plan is conducted at correct intervals (at least annually).

Checking/Performance measurement and monitoring

Welfare arrangements (canteen, toilets, washrooms, changing facilities, and rest areas etc.) including medical facilities and health management and monitoring programme.

Yes

Introducing KPI’s (Key Performance Indicators) to measure the performance of health and safety.

Yes

Arrangement for documenting and communicating the inspection, monitoring and incident investigation reports.

Yes

Evaluation of compliance

Have procedures been established, implemented and maintained for periodically evaluating compliance with applicable legal requirements and other relevant requirements?

Are records kept for periodic evaluations?

Yes

Methods used to measure include:

audits

the results of regulatory inspections

analysis of legal and other requirements

reviews of documents and/or records of incidents and risk assessments

interviews

facility, equipment and area inspections

project or work reviews

analysis of test results from monitoring and testing

facility tours and direct observations.

Incident investigation/nonconformity/corrective action and preventative action

Have procedures been established, implemented and maintained to record, investigate and analyse incidents?

Yes

Accident/incident investigation procedure exist.

Are investigations performed in a timely manner?

Yes

As per accident/incident investigation procedure.

Are the results of incident investigations documented and maintained?

Yes

As per procedure on internal reporting tool.

Arrangement for monitoring performance of health and safety plan and to measure the targets and objectives set.

Partly Yes

Targets are not reviewed which could lead to delays and not achieves targets and objectives.

Availability of proactive monitoring involving testing, inspecting and consultation methods to ensure that controls are working properly and the rules and procedures are followed and all the standards set are met.

Yes

Arrangement for reactive monitoring like investigating accidents, incidents, near misses and hazardous situations.

Yes

As per accident/incident investigation procedure.

Identifying reasons for substandard performances in health and safety.

Yes

Arrangements for dealing with situations that have created risk with priority being given where the risks are greatest.

Yes

Arrangements for analysing the causes of potentially serious events to identify the root causes including shortcomings in safety management system.

Yes

Control of records

Are records established and maintained as necessary to demonstrate nonformity to the requirements of the HSE management system and the OHSAS Standard?

Yes

Have procedures been established, implemented and maintained for the identification, storage, protection, retrieval, retention and disposal of records?

Yes

Are records maintained in a legible, identifiable and traceable state?

Yes

SharePoint file on intranet with restricted access.

Internal audit

Are internal audits of the HSE management system conducted at planned intervals to determine whether the HSE management system:

conforms to planned arrangements for HSE management?

has been properly implemented and maintained?

is effective in meeting the organisation’s policy and objectives?

Yes

Is information on the results of audits provided to management?

Yes

Formal close out meeting and audit reports.

Are audit programmes planned, established, implemented and maintained based on the results of risk assessments and results of previous audits?

Yes

Audit programmes determined by HQ and signed off by CFO and communicated to APMTC.

Have procedures been established, implemented and maintained that set out:

the responsibilities, competencies, and requirements for planning and conducting audits, reporting results and retaining associated records?

audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods.?

Yes

System for regular audits of safety management system by competent independent auditors (internal/ external).

Partly Yes

Inadequate number of trained and competent auditors.

Management Review

Use audit reports and inspection reports information to review the operation of safety management system and safety performance.

Yes

Review of objectives set to check if they are met in the agreed timescales.

Objectives not reviewed in a timely manner which could lead to non-conformance.

Analyse audit reports and information used to identify future improvement targets and to identify particular causes of accident, ill health or poor control of risk to target for future risk reduction effort.

Objectives are not reviewed and new targets are not set.

Benchmarking the performance of the safety management system against other similar business group or self-monitor improvement over time.

Yes

APMTC is part of the Global Ports Group who have a subcommittee on HSE.

* Priorities Justification – P1 (Major) P2 (Medium) P3 (Minor)

P1 – High priority since the non-compliance could lead to an immediate loss or enforcement actions. Action requires to be taken within 1-3 weeks.

P2 – No immediate impact, but if not complied health and safety cannot be managed efficiently. Action needs to be taken within 1 month.

P3 – No immediate impact. Action needs to be taken for an overall effective management and measurement of health and safety management system and avoid non compliances from external auditors and enforcement authorities. Action needs to be closed within 3 months.

Suggestions to Improve Performances

The method to improve performances and conform with the OSHAS 18001 model is to assess the significant identified risks. Moreover, the company should implement appropriate control to reduce the risks to a tolerable level. For example, the management should make policies to reduce the risks and hazards that could lead to death. The company should also create OSHAS policy to set objectives in order to reduce performances. Analysis of the implementation of the company OSHAS 18001 model reveals that the organization has not implemented the adequate training program for personnel to gain knowledge and information on the technical understanding of the control of risk and hazards Thus, the company should implement the training program to allow employees be competent to manage risks. The training program should be focused to maintain competent certification to make employees understanding the health and safety roles and responsibilities. Thus, the organization should carry out the training program for the supervisors and other key personnel to implement the appropriate health and safety program in order to abide with the legislation.

4. Hazard Identification

The hazard identification is the strategy of identifying the likely hazard using the hazard identification checklist. The checklists assists in identifying physical hazards, and health and welfare hazards their activities, likely implications and their priorities. The risk rating is developed as P1 (very high), P2 (medium) and P3 (low). The criterial used to rate the risks is their likely implication on health and safety. The hazards that can lead to fatalities, serious personnel injuries, property damages, and productivity loses are rated as P1. However, hazards that can lead to fatalities, asphyxiation and serious injuries to personnel are rated as P2. On the other hand, hazard that can lead to Gastro intestinal disorders, nausea, diarrhoea, legionnaires, Weil’s diseases are rated as P3. The company needs to implement the strategy to manage these hazards because lack of control can lead to legal consequences from both internal and external stakeholders, which can lead to the loss of revenue and market availability. The implication on APMTC can also lead to a damage of the public image and social responsibility.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Hazards

Activity/ Relevance

Likely Implications *

Priority **

3.1 Physical Hazards

Vehicle movement – Struck/ crushed by moving vehicles.

Manoeuvring vehicles, plant and equipment working in close vicinity to people, visitors/ public. Working near traffic areas and poor ground conditions.

Fatalities, serious personnel injuries, property damages, productivity loses.

Excavation collapse- buried/ crushed/ trapped/ suffocation.

While carrying out sub structure and foundation works.

Fatalities, asphyxiation and serious injuries to personnel

Striking existing underground services.

Due to excavations that are done to lay foundations, substructures and services like electrical cables, water connections and drainage connections.

Fire and explosions, electrocution, multiple fatalities and serious injuries, disruption of services, public discomfort, property damage etc.

Unstable structures.

Due to excavations in near vicinity with insufficiently supported sides.

Collapse of nearby buildings and structures, serious multiple injuries and fatalities

Intrusive occurrences – suffocating / drowning.

Like groundwater, flooding, sewage, smoke, gas leakage etc. while doing excavations.

Asphyxiation, serious health effects, death due to suffocation and inhalation of toxic gases, collapse of trenches.

Slips trips and falls.

Uneven, slippery surfaces, trailing cables from electrical equipment/ temporary electrical connections, open floors and excavations, use of stairs or contaminated ladders.

Serious injuries leading like cuts, bone fractures and death if affected from a height or onto sharp surfaces.

Working at height – exposed to unprotected edges/ scaffolds.

Working on fragile roof, ladder, working/ erecting scaffold/ working near unprotected excavation edges. Presence of floor openings. Unprotected hoists, loading and unloading from trucks, emergency rescues at height etc.

Possible fall of personnel and material leading to fatalities and serious injuries.

Falling objects.

Collapse of sides of deep excavations, breaking of edges, inadequate working platforms, lifting equipment failures, unsecured load on scaffold platforms and passenger hoists etc.

Fatalities and serious injuries to personnel especially on head.

Equipment damages by falling to the ground.

Electrocution.

Striking existing electrical services during excavation. Temporary electrical connections. Use of electrical equipment like grinders, lighting etc. Working in damp conditions. Portable electrical equipment like heaters, kettles and ovens might be used in office kitchen.

Multiple fatalities, burns, ventricular fibrillation.

Secondary falls leading to death.

Fire and explosion.

Fire/ explosion could arise from striking existing services, faulty electrics or overloading of joints, bulk storage of easily burnt waste materials and flammable materials like diesel, solvents/thinners etc., smoking of personnel and arson.

Death multiple fatalities and injuries, serious property damage and environmental damages.

Impact, crushing.

Lifting, lowering and moving of loads by cranes or machineries (concrete pumps, vibrators etc.) or due to materials falling from height and moving plant contacts.

Serious injuries like contusions, fractures etc.

Plant and machinery operations and instability.

Presence of heavy lifting cranes, excavators, piling equipment and their movement on the site and possible running into excavations and working on slopes and on a soft standing ground.

Toppling of equipment, falling of loads onto persons causing serious injuries leading to death. Equipment damage.

Moving objects causing entrapment.

Placing of steel work. Closure of joints, base plate packing etc.

Crushing and trapping of limbs causing serious injuries like fractures.

Contact with overhead lines.

Movement and working of high boom lifting equipment like crane/ MEWPs.

Electrocution, serious burns and death.

Contact with rotating parts and static machinery.

Use of circular saws and grinders. Gear mechanisms of equipment.

Entanglement of clothes leading to injuries, cuts and bruises, friction burns etc.

Collapse of structure.

Temporary works and during scaffold erections, overloading of platforms, presence of excavations close to structure.

Falling on/of people leading to multiple injuries and death.

Equipment or property damages.

Manual handling – MSD (musculo- skeletal disorders).

Movement of components and accessories, unloading materials from vehicles like blocks and bricks, compressed gas cylinders, testing equipment etc. Also while erecting scaffolds and manual excavations.

Strains, back pains leading to chronic muscular- skeletal disorders, load dropping over the feet leading to fractures and personnel injuries.

Stepping on nails and sharp objects.

Presence of loose used shuttering materials for casting, broken glass pieces and sharp objects on site due to improper housekeeping. Workers not wearing safety shoes.

Injection wounds, punctures, cuts and possible contact with contaminated blood leading to serious health effects like hepatitis and AIDS.

Hazardous surfaces – Burn, Puncture, stabbing.

Presence of hot surfaces, projecting parts of equipment, sharp edges and ends of machineries/ materials. Unguarded protruding bars.

Burns, cuts, punctures and wounds.

Mechanical equipment failure.

Possibility of failure of motors and short circuits in mechanical equipment like circular saws, grinders, cutters, generators, compressors etc.

Electrocution, fire and injuries due to overrun and breaking up of the equipment/ part of the equipment, eye injuries due to compressors.

Use of damaged and improper hand tools and power tools.

Breaking/ malfunctioning of hammers, chisels etc. and power tools like drillers, jack hammers.

Eye injury, injury to hands, limbs and body.

Entering confined spaces.

Presence of pipe chambers, service holes, manholes, deep excavations etc.

Death due to asphyxiation, suffocation, MSD’s, fire and explosion, serious multiple injuries and property damage. Difficulty in rescue operations.

Hazard

Activity/ Relevance

Likely Implications*

Priority **

3.2 Health and Welfare Hazards

Chemical hazards (Inhalation/ Ingestion/ Contact with hazardous/ harmful substances).

Sparks and inhalation of fumes from welding, paints, cement handling, lime and mortar mixing, chemical grouts and additives. Contact with asbestos is also possible while demolishing some existing buildings or doing modification works. During maintenance works and cleaning and dosing works.

Chemical burns, cement burns, eye injuries, acute dermatitis, chronic asthma, lungs disorders and can lead to cancer.

Dust.

During the demolition, grinding, blasting, cutting bricks, wood cutting and during vehicle movement on dry sand.

Lungs disorders, coughing, choking, eye injuries and possible cancer.

Noise.

Presence of heavy equipment working, vehicle movement, generators, compressors etc.

Hearing loss, tinnitus, complaints from neighbours, environment pollution.

Vibration.

Use of heavy equipment and hand tools like excavators, loaders, drilling/piling equipment, compactors and pneumatic tools, breakers, compressors, generators, traffic movement.

Vibration induced illnesses (VWF, HAVS etc.).

Ergonomic – bad working positions or posture.

Inadequate working space. Improper work station design and DSE for office workers and for workers involved in manual handling and repetitive jobs like loading and unloading. Working in confined spaces.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD’s), Stress, and loss of vision.

Stress or fear.

Long hours of work especially at night amidst noise, dust etc. Pressures from supervisors and due to poor health conditions and inadequate welfare arrangements and domestic issues. Lack of job security. Lone working by equipment operators.

Lack of productivity, suicidal tendencies, possible ignoring hazards and causing serious injuries to self and others. Leads to violent behaviour.

Temperature – heat exhaustion.

Confined space working especially hot works. Requirements to work in open, humid and hot and dusty conditions.

Heat cramps, sun burns, dizziness, unconsciousness and possible death.

Hygiene and health – biological hazards (bacterial, viral, fungal).

Inadequate number of toilets, drinking/ eating facilities. Toilets not regularly cleaned and eating and resting in presence of waste and decomposing and microbiological materials.

Gastro intestinal disorders, nausea, diarrhoea, legionnaires, Weil’s diseases.

Collecting waste.

Lot of demolition debris (could include asbestos); concrete/construction and other wastes from canteen and first aid clinic are prevalent on site.

Health disorders like asbestosis, hepatitis/ AIDS, cut and puncture injuries during collection and segregation of wastes.

Exposure to radiation (ionizing/non-ionizing).

X-ray testing of welding and joints of components are held on site (pipe joints for ex). Laser, infra-red and radio frequencies equipment used for level reading and surveying. UV radiation from welding.

Radiation sickness and serious damage to body cells and tissue including serious skin and eye injuries.

3.3 Other Hazards

Poor lighting, visibility.

During night working without adequate lightings or due to failure of lightings. Due to poor site layout, high vision obstructing machineries, structures, buildings, people and material movers/vehicles.

Slips, trips and falls leading to serious injuries, stress, overlooking risks, hitting, bumping against equipment and vehicles leading to serious injuries and accidents while driving and operating equipment.

Adverse weather conditions.

Ropes and equipment becoming unstable tangled or twisted in the wind. Slippery walking surfaces. Possibility of strong winds affecting the lifting activities and high working platforms and work requiring high reaches like use of a MEWP.

Slips and falls, loss of control of lifting equipment, falling of materials causing serious personnel injuries and damages to equipment and facilities.

Unfamiliarity with site risks.

Visitors and suppliers could visit the construction site without being properly inducted.

Serious injuries by contacting existing risks on site.

Tress passers, children, public.

Presence of inhabited area, public and road. Possibility of trespassing including children.

Serious injuries up to fatality by contacting risks leading to legal litigations. Arson by nuisance makers causing fire and serious property damages.

Poor communication.

Multi lingual workforce not having a common language. Signals not clarified with the riggers, banks men and the equipment operators, i.e. cranes.

Instructions not conveyed correctly, leading to negative impact of operations causing serious personnel injuries and property damages.

First Aid and Welfare.

Immediate facility for treatment, cleaning of wound, allergies and dermatitis might be required while working with harmful substances and conditions. Requirement of rest areas required especially during summer.

Not administering acute injury conditions leading to chronic, aggravating the injury or conditions. Heat exhaustion, dehydration, stress etc. due to lack of rest.

Violence and threatening behaviour.

Presence of other contractors and public with differing opinions and requirements and also due to workers under intoxication. Poor management by immediate supervisors.

Serious physical injuries and legal litigations and affects morale.

* Priority and Justifications

The likelihood and severity of this hazard to take effect is very high

The likelihood and severity of this hazard to take effect is medium

The likelihood and severity of this hazard to take effect is low

5. Risk Assessment

The study selects Working at height — Scaffolding, and Noise due to Construction Machinery and Equipment for the risk assessment. The reason for chosen these hazards is that they are the top hazards suffered by the company employees.

3.4 Selection of Significant Hazard

Physical Hazard: Working at height – Scaffolding

Falls from height from scaffolding platforms are the most common cause of fatal injury and the second most common cause of major injury to employees in a construction industry (Bo Xia, 2016). The previous organization incident and accident records demonstrates that there have been more incidents related to working at height than any other hazards during the construction activity. Working on a scaffolding is undertaken on a daily basis and the likelihood of an incident happening is very high. The existing controls are not adequate and it could further lead to major accidents.

Health Hazard: Noise due to Construction Machinery and Equipment

Noise and vibration are among the most widespread and underestimated of health hazards. Hearing loss caused by exposure to noise at work continues to be a significant occupational disease. There are many noisy tasks in construction. This means that workers may be exposed not only to the noise that their work is making, but also to the ambient, or background, noise of other tasks on site. A construction site is crammed with all kinds of heavy equipment, machineries (static and mobile), and construction vehicles in a limited site boundary which emanate a colossal amount of noise. To worsen the scenario workers work in close proximities to these machineries. Besides the machineries, activities like drilling, demolition, breaking, piling etc. also release lot of noise which affects the persons in and near the construction area badly. The severity and likelihood of hearing damage is very high in such an atmosphere and the organization has not identified noise as a significant hazard and there are inadequate controls and health monitoring in place.

4. RISK ASSESSMENT

4.1 The process and methodology of risk assessment.

To do the risk assessments the guidelines in HSE’s Five Steps to Risk Assessment, HSE INDG 163(rev 2) 06/06, INDG 362 Noise at work – Guidance for employers on the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 and INDG 401 – The Work at Height Regulations 2005 (as amended) A brief guide, has been followed.

Step 1: Identifying Hazards: by checking for any available documented risk assessments and by walking around the workplace, asking employees and their representatives, manufacturer’s instructions or data sheets, previous health and accident records and visiting HSE website in construction industry area. Referring to applicable legislations like Control of Noise at Work regulations 2005 and The Work at Height Regulations (2005).

Step 2: Who might be harmed and how?: by identifying and noting down the groups of people who would be affected like physically handicapped/ special need workers; temporary workers, contractors, cleaners, visitors, members of the public including children; young workers/ trainees; neighbouring contractors and analysing how the hazard could harm them.

Step 3: (a) Assess the potential severity of any loss based on the hazard realizing its full potential if the hazardous event occurs. Ratings between 1 and 5 are chosen:

1. Fatal / Permanent disability

2. Serious injury / illness

3. Moderate injury / Illness

4. Minor injury / Illness

5. Slight injury (No lost time). First Aid Case.

(b) Assess the Likelihood of the Hazard realizing its potential if no control measures are put in place using the following ratings:

1. Certain or imminent to happen

2. Very Likely

3. Likely

4. May Happen

5. Unlikely

(c) Risk Rating is done based on the probability of the hazard resulting in loss is given as a numerical figure between 1 and 5. The rating is calculated by multiplying the severity factor with the likelihood factor, giving a value to each on a scale of 1 to 25.

(d)

The risk rating is further divided into Low, Medium and High in terms of its loss potential and is divided into low, medium, and high in terms of action time required avoiding the loss.

Likelihood

Severity

Figure A.

20 — 25: Low Risk

Personnel with competency and skills to perform the job have the authority to proceed after verbally discussing the job requirements with anyone performing the work with them. May be acceptable; however, review task to see if risk can be reduced further.

4 — 16: Medium Risk

Job shall only proceed with appropriate authorization after consultation with health and safety personnel and assessment team. Where possible, the job shall be redefined to take account of the hazards involved or the risk shall be reduced further prior starting the job. If applicable, a be obtained.

1 — 3: High Risk

The job must not proceed until it has been redefined or further control measures put in place to reduce risk. The controls shall be re-assessed for adequacy prior to starting the job.

Step 4 (a): Checking existing controls and precautions: by listing down the control procedures. They may include method statements, permit systems, training and instruction or use of personal protective equipment etc. to undertake the task safely. Cross referring to the legislations and standards to assess the controls.

Step 4 (b): Assessing what further controls and actions are needed to reduce risks to a level of ‘so far as reasonably practicable’. This residual risk is calculated on the reduced Likelihood and Severity ratings, which are a direct consequence of the control measure being put in place.

Step 5: Review – Due to possible addition of new machines, personnel, substances or procedures which could lead to new hazards, the risk assessments would be reviewed and will take account of new hazards. In addition to that, periodically review will be done to ensure that the precautions are still working effectively. 7

4.2 Legal References

1. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, Sec 3.

2. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998

3. Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996, Schedule 1-5.

4. The Work at Height Regulations (2005), Sec 6-7

5. Noise at Work Regulations 1989

Risk Assessment — Work at Height – Scaffolding

4.4 Risk Assessment — Work at Height – Scaffolding

Hazards

Effects (Who/How)

Risk Rating

Existing Controls

Additional Controls

Review

Working at height – Scaffolding- Fall of persons/ materials.

Workers at height.

High

(1) Scaffolds are erected on a firm base with sole plates and base plates. Adequate longitudinal and diagonal bracings are provided and ties are adequately fitted where applicable.

(2) Gangways/ exposed edges are protected by top rails. All working platforms are provided with top rail, mid rail and toe boards. Loose materials to be tied back near leading edge.

(3) Ladders/ step ladders/ roof ladders, proper temporary working platforms/scaffoldings are used for working above ground.

(4) Guardrails and toe-boards are removed for access and are replaced after access has been gained. Unused ladder gaps have boards fitted to close them off.

(5) Suitable signs (Hazard falling objects / Work at height) and barriers are positioned directly below works to warn of overhead operations.

(6) Area underneath the working area is cordoned and marked with safety warning tapes.

(7) Scaffoldings are erected by carpenters and fitters following manufacturer’s instructions supervised by the line supervisor.

(8) Scaffolding inspection is done by the supervisor every month and inspection record is maintained in the office.

(9) Ladders are removed or covered to prevent unauthorized access when work is not in progress.

(10) All scaffolds more than 2m height from floor levels is protected against fall of material by closing the edges by the means of toe-boards.

(11) Induction training includes the precautions to be taken for working at height.

(12) Weather is forecasted prior to commencing the activity at high and avoid if any advance warning available through meteorological departments.

(13) Safety belts are provided for workers with single lanyard. Hard hats are worn by everyone.

(1) Construct scaffolds to comply with Construction (Working Places) Regulations and British Standards BS EN 12811.

(2) Design drawings to be produced for load-bearing scaffolds and non-standard structures. Consider any additional plant, equipment, materials or sheeting that could impose additional loadings over and above the standard scaffold design loads.

(3) Where scaffolding is to be installed on footpaths or public areas, consent to be taken from Local Authority (Abu Dhabi Traffic department) or adjacent property owners. Therefore permissions must be sought prior to work commencing.

(4) Use MEWPs (Mobile elevated working platforms) and mobile access platforms for temporary works.

(5) Eliminate protruding edges- if not possible warning signs and banners must be put in place to warn employees.

(6) All scaffold planks and kick-boards to be well secured to scaffold structure to prevent displacement.

(7) Use outriggers/ guy ropes to support the scaffold.

(8) Ties removed for any purpose to be replaced or alternative ties fitted, at once.

(9) No access for persons to walk directly under the scaffolding. A flagman to be employed to warn the passersby/ public.

(10) Full edge protection and passive restraint such as nets and airbags to be provided.

(11)Ladder to extent 1 m or 5 rungs above the landing.

(12) Appoint competent person to inspect all the height access equipment (scaffolds, ladders etc. and supervise its erection and approval for work. Use only registered scaffolders under the direction of a .

(13) Traffic movements will be restricted around scaffold bases. Excavations adjacent to scaffold bases will be monitored to ensure the stability of the structure is not affected.

(14) All scaffolding must be inspected before it is first used in that position; Where conditions may cause deterioration of the structure; Within a 7 day period (Minimum weekly inspection) or as specified by the Temporary Work Coordinator or the designer.

(15) Scafftags to be fixed signed and marked green on a daily basis by the line supervisor using the equipment.

(16) Waste materials to be transferred through material lowering devices/ a waste chute attached to the main standards.

(17) Work will be monitored to ensure that additional precautions and equipment is taken into use if edge protection is removed and no unauthorized alterations are made on access equipment.

(18) Training/toolbox talks and instructions to be provided to all operatives and supervisory staff involved in the use of suspension equipment such as lines and harnesses, and how to inspect and assess PPE of this type before use.

(19) Maintain good housekeeping. Look for and remove nuts, washers, cords, rope and tools. Keep loose parts and pieces in secure containers or non-hazardous area. Clean up and properly dispose of left over materials.

(20) Where edge protection is removed for access, or is not reasonably practicable, personal suspension equipment (safety harness) with two lanyard and provision for securing/ hooking to be used by operatives working at or near the edge.

12-12-16 or when location is changed and new equipment and persons arrive, whichever is earlier.

Workers working under the area.

Medium

Emergency Rescuers.

Low

Contractors.

High

Inspection, maintenance people.

Medium

Cleaners.

High

Public – due to material falling, structure collapsing.

Medium

Trespassers, vandals.

Low

4.4 Risk Assessment — Noise due to Construction Machineries and Equipment

Hazards

Effects (Who/How)

Risk Rating

Existing Controls

Additional Controls

Review

Noise due to Construction machineries/ equipment- Noise induced hearing loss, tinnitus.

Workers using power tools, operating heavy machineries, riggers etc.

High

(1) Signpost by adequate hearing protection warning sign (Hearing protection zones) near the noisy work area/ equipment.

(2) Breaker mufflers are fitted on generators and other machineries.

(3) Proper and regular maintenance of machinery and equipment to be carried out and results are maintained.

(4) Provision of ear plugs.

(1) Establish action and limit value of 85 dB (A)/ peak sound pressure of 140 dB (c) at the ear measured on a daily or weekly basis.

(2) Select and choose less noisy equipment by introducing low- noise purchasing policy for machinery and equipment.

(3) Keep the compressor/ generators and other static machineries covered.

(4) Static machineries to be mounted on anti- vibration mounts and erect enclosures around machines to reduce the amount of noise emitted into the workplace or environment.

(5) Screen the noise source with a barrier, soil heap or locate behind partly completed buildings.

(6) Identify noisy work areas and limit the workers in and around the area by adjusting work schedules.

(7) Provide sound proof rest facilities/ safe havens at the site.

(8) Modify the paths of pedestrians so as to avoid passing through the noisy activity areas.

(9) Audiometry test to be conducted on all vulnerable workers/ operators and results to be conveyed and kept as records. Encourage employees to seek medical advice if hearing damage is suspected.

(10) Training to be conducted on the likely noise exposure and risk to hearing; where and how to obtain hearing protectors; how to report defects in hearing protectors and noise control equipment and employee’s duties.

(11) Provide ear defenders/ muffs to all personnel who are entering the hearing protection zone.

12-12-2016 or when location is changed and new equipment and persons arrive, whichever is earlier

Workers in the near vicinity.

Medium

Site office staff including expectant mothers.

Low

Maintenance personnel, inspectors.

High

Subcontractors, suppliers.

Medium

Visitors.

Low

Public.

Low

CONCLUSIONS

This Health and Safety report provides assurance that non-conformance and gaps in the Health and Safety management system and hazards to personnel and assets have been identified and assessed and controls have been recommended where considered necessary. Also documented is the process of identification of potential risk reduction measures and whether their adoption met ALARP (As Low as Reasonably Practicable) criteria.

Thus, the study has been able to achieve the following aims and objectives:

1. To review APMTC’s HSE Management system and evaluate it against the BS OHSAS 18001:2007 standard in order to establish areas of non-conformance and identify the opportunities for improvement.

2. To identifying and evaluate the significant hazards which APMTC’s employees are exposed to during the course of their work as well as existing control measures.

4. Each recommendation is in line with resources available to APMTC and is justified by means of a cost benefit analysis clearly showing the legal, moral and financial implications

The actions and the time frame to close those actions raised during HSE studies have been included in the action plan. A future update and close-out for these actions have to be documented on the review date.

It is concluded that this report demonstrates:

1. The organization’s management system broadly covers the requirement of BS OSHAS 18000:2007 guidelines.

2. There was evidence of less participation from the top management or a lack of visible leadership in implementing the HSE programmes.

3. Objectives and targets for Health and Safety are not being reviewed periodically.

4. Resources are not adequately planned for Health and Safety programmes by the organization.

5. Employee consultations in Health and Safety affairs are not visibly practiced by the organization.

6. Training and competency of staff are inadequate.

7. Organization does not have suitable arrangements for risk management.

8. Performance measurement and auditing are not being conducted regularly.

9. All the significant hazards and effects and controls have been identified, prioritized, assessed and additional controls have been recommended to manage the residual hazards.

10. The adequacy of controls for most of the hazards has been reviewed to identify whether the risks have been reduced to a level that is tolerable and ALARP and it was found inadequate.

11. The risks associated with working at height and noise has been evaluated and measures taken to reduce them to a level that is As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).

The study suggests that the training program should be implemented for employees to reduce the risks and hazards in the work environment. The company needs to implement these recommendations to avoid legal consequence that lead to loss of revenues.

6. RECOMMENDATIONS

Management System

The significant gaps in the existing management system has been demonstrated in sec 2.2 (gap analysis) and detailed action plan with target date and responsible person is demonstrated in the action plan.

Main recommendations according to their priorities to improve the existing management systems are:

1. Review the statement of intent/ Policy with a current date and name of the person signing it. The most tangible way to assess the top management’s attitude towards health and safety is evident only if the policy statement is effective and covers in brief the intention of the top management and their approach towards health and safety issues. Policy statement is the first document that any person would see and thus benefit by improving the public image.

2. It may not be practically possible at times for the top management to address critical issues that needs quick decisions. Hence, appointing a competent Health and Safety management representative is required, who should be the focal point to address any issues on behalf of the top management besides his normal duties.

3. Some critical activities require specialists who are adequately trained and experienced in that field. Therefore, appointing adequate health and safety advisors or specialists is required who can perform exclusive health and safety jobs.

4. A platform is essential for coordinating or presenting key issues that needs consensus and conveyed to all departments the quickest and easiest way. Therefore, timely and scheduled meetings need to be conducted to discuss safety related issues.

5. Companies that ask employees for their views on health and safety issues can cut down on accidents. By including workers’ ideas and involving them in enforcing health and safety rules, companies can create a positive attitude towards maintaining good practice and make significant improvements collective participation of all in suggestions can yield more improvement options.

6. The best way to identify all hazards and risks is to breaking down all critical jobs and describe the method use to conduct those activities and critically assess the risks involved. This requires a system of method statements and risk assessments for all critical jobs.

7. Health and Safety programmes include provision of adequate training, personal protective equipment, reward programmes etc. Hence, allocating a budget for health and safety on all projects are essential and same must be incorporated while assessing the project values and putting forward bid proposals for new contracts.

8. All health and safety programmes needs to be measured and only by assigning a SMART (Simple, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time bound) objective one can measure the performance. Only measuring gets the activity done. Hence, objectives and targets need to be clearly identified and periodically reviewed, in any case not later than yearly.

9. The management system needs to be continuously reviewed and measured so as to incorporate any changes in the organization, equipment or processes. Therefore, internal audits are required to be conducted on an annual basis.

These actions benefit the organization by improving the organizational capability in handling health and safety issues more effectively, reduction of injuries and reduction of cost, business interruption protection, reliability and productivity improvement, public image/trust improvement, improve employee relations and help management take pro-active actions to reduce risks pertaining to workers and thus reduction in direct and indirect costs. This will also avoid business interruption due to injuries, investigations and enforcement actions and also timely rectification of issues to avoid injuries and asset damages helping cost reductions. Some of other noticeable benefits are to win and retain contracts; avoid loss of key staff; availability and affordability of insurance.

Physical Hazard — Working at Height on Scaffolding

During the course of hazard reviews, all significant hazards have been identified and prioritized based on the criticality of the hazards and the risk ratings i.e. Priority P1 has the highest risk rating which is obtained by multiplying the severity and likelihood of the hazard being affected, P2 is medium risk rating and P3 is low risk rating. The methodology is detailed in section 4.

Working at height, specifically on scaffolding has been identified as the most significant Physical hazard in the organization’s activity due to its risk rating being very high and previous incident records showing high numbers of injuries due to incidents related to scaffold workings. All existing controls have been assessed and additional controls are recommended according to the hierarchies of control and level of protection that control gives in avoiding risk:

1. It is critical to design all load bearing scaffolds properly according to the British construction standards (The European Standard, BS EN 12811-1) and follow the sequence of erections.

2. Before erecting scaffolds on pathways/ roads or next to property owners, it is essential to seek permission or no objection certificates. This will avoid unnecessary business interruptions due to stoppage of work by local authorities or public.

3. Erection of temporary scaffolds/ ladders costs more time and exposes the workers to hazard during erection, ascending /descending and inspection of the same. Therefore, MEWP’s or mobile access platforms should be considered for temporary works not exceeding few hours. Work can be done quicker with fewer people.

4. Most of the injuries from scaffolds occur due to fall of persons and materials. A partial restraint is required to arrest falling from height and reduce the impact of the injuries.

5. Where working at height is not avoidable above pedestrian/vehicle route, it is required to warn and protect by providing adequate warning signs and appointing flagmen.

6. Most of the falls from ladders occur due to improper positioning of ladder at the landing level, where the top of the ladder is shorter than the landing level. Therefore, it is required to ensure that ladders are extended at least 1 m or 5 rungs above the landing level.

7. It is necessary to warn workers/ people the worthiness of the access equipment they use. A scaffold tagging system (scafftag) which is signed and inspected regularly should be put on all access equipment/ scaffoldings. Green tag for serviceable and red for unserviceable. This would reduce the incidents of structure collapse, reducing injuries, cost reduction, avoid business interruption etc.

8. A dedicated trained and competent team is required to manage the erection, dismantling, modifying, testing and inspection of all access platforms including scaffoldings and ladders, so that a common best industry standard is followed throughout the site. Therefore, appointment of a scaffolding supervisor and trained scaffolders are required. Inspections to be carried out not less than once in 7 days and before its first use.

9. There is a requirement of continuously monitoring the scaffold structures for any unauthorized modifications, removal of critical components etc. so as to maintain the integrity of the structure. Adequate number of inspectors must be appointed to carry out this task.

10. Requirement of people and workers be aware of the hazards present at height and the proper use of the personal protection equipment like safety harnesses must be included in the training and tools box talks.

11. It is essential to have a hooking or a securing point while using safety harnesses for which lanyards with adequate strength and provision for securing them need to be considered to ensure that at all point of time the person working at height is securely hooked to a static point. Most importantly while moving on a top working platform.

Health Hazards — Noise due to construction equipment and machineries

Noise has been considered as the most significant Health hazard in a construction atmosphere as there are a lot of close interaction between heavy machineries, equipment, plant, vehicles and persons and it is a continuous process. It is practically impossible to isolate or eliminate fully such noisy activities. Taking into consideration of this fact, the following improvement actions are recommended based on the hierarchies of controls to reduce the impact of noise emissions:

1. Establish the maximum exposure limit of 85 dB (A) or peak pressure of 140 dB (C) at the ear for all affected areas so that the measurements can be taken and levels exceeding can be identified and controlled.

2. Technology is advancing and there is a requirement of possibly sourcing suppliers for purchasing less noisy equipment and accordingly revise the purchasing policy and strategies and so that we can control the noise emission at the source itself.

3. In order to identify people vulnerable to induced hearing loss, audiometric tests must be conducted on a regular basis and accordingly classify them for noisy and less noisy jobs. The same needs to be done at the time of recruitment, to assess if the loss of hearing is due to occupational reasons. Likewise, exposure to noise must be limited to persons by proper job rotation, giving breaks and providing soundproof havens.

4. There is a requirement of re-routing the pedestrian walkways to ensure that they are avoiding the noisy activities and equipment so that their exposure to noise can be kept to minimum. Likewise, there is a need to re-design the vehicle routes to ensure that they avoid the public interfaces and buildings so that the noise due to transport and vehicle cause fewer nuisances to public and reduce complaints and enforcement actions.

5. Vibration of air particles and equipment is a prime cause of noise. Hence, there is a need to mount all static machineries on vibration proof mounts and kept covered or enclosed.

6. All operatives and staff needs to be aware of symptoms of hearing loss, the hazards of noises and the right use and maintenance of personal protective equipment like ear muffs. Training and tools box talks must include these topics. Ear muffs are better ear defenders than ear plugs. Everyone should be provided with ear muffs while entering ‘Hearing protection zones’.

Although, these recommendations will make APMTC to incur additional costs since the company will need to carry out training for employee, nevertheless, the company will enjoy the following benefits from the implementation of the recommendations:

First, the company will record significant reduction in the risks and hazards in the work environment that will assist in enhancing work safety. Moreover, the company will be able to avoid the legal consequences with the implementation of the recommendations. Additionally, APMTC will improve their public images by reducing the risks and hazards within the organization, which will assist in enhancing market availability and increase in revenues.

By implementing the recommendations, and put safety controls in place, APMTC will able to reduce the accidents and injuries significantly thereby saving both direct and indirect costs. The method will assist the company in improving productivity by avoiding business interruptions. The enforcement actions will also make the company to improve employee relations, improving the public image and helping optimization of resources.

7. ACTION PLAN

7.1 Management System

Recommendations

Action(s)

Time Scale

Responsibilities

Cost

Success Criteria**

Review Date

Update the policy statement/ statement of intent.

Revise the policy statement with a valid signature of Managing Director/ Director with date.

1 Week

Managing Director

100

Signed and dated statement of intent.

01-12-16

Appointing management system representative.

Appoint a person in senior management by name to take overall responsibility for health and safety affairs of the organization.

2 Weeks

Managing Director

1000

Appointment letter and internal memo announcing the new position and responsibilities.

12-12-16

Clearly define health and safety responsibilities of all.

Define the top management responsibilities in health and safety affairs.

2 Weeks

Managing Director

100

Revised HSE management system with responsibilities of top management included.

12-12-16

Provide sufficient resources to manage safety.

Define/ ear mark a budget for health and safety programmes.

1 Month

Managing Director

200

Inclusion of Health and Safety while budgeting/ costing for new contracts. Benchmark a % to be spent on health and Safety on all projects.

12-01-17

Identify people with specific health and safety role.

Recruit 5 HSE Officers and 5 HSE assistants for the units under construction.

3 Months

HR Manager

2000

Appointment letter and CVs.

12-03-17

Assess the experience, knowledge and skills and provide adequate training after identifying specific training skills required.

Develop a competency-based training matrix.

1 Month

Manager

100

Training matrix. Training attendance register.

Employee training schedules and certificates of completion.

12-01-17

Communicate training requirements to the employees and the supervisors.

1 Month

Manager

300

12-01-17

Allocate separate training budgets and establish training rooms.

3 Months

Manager

3000

Physical observation of the training room.

12-03-17

Include health and Safety competency assessments during the recruitment/ transfers/ promotions of employees.

3 Months

Manager

300

Revised format of performance appraisals with inclusion of HSE performance criterion.

12-03-17

Consult employees and employee safety representatives on all issues of health and safety.

Establish a health and safety committee.

1 Month

Manager

100

HSE suggestion boxes on all locations including rest areas/ labour camps. Invitation letters for committee meetings. Minutes of meetings and agenda items.

12-12-17

Meetings to be held at least half yearly.

Employee suggestion box to be placed around all the organization facilities.

3 Months

Manager

3000

12-03-17

Control subcontractors/ all persons entering/ working in construction premises.

Organization health and safety plan to be given to all contractors.

1 Week

Manager

300

Interviewing subcontractors. Reviewing their HSE plans. Acknowledgement letter from contractor on receipt.

01-12-16

Induction training to be conducted to all visitors including temporary contractors and record to be maintained along with a written acknowledgement to comply with organization requirements.

1 Week/ Ongoing

Manager/ Supervisor/ HSE Advisor

100

Inspection of induction registers and induction markings on the helmets with date. Interviewing visitors.

Start

01-12-16

Communicate health and safety issues at all possible forums.

Health and safety to be discussed as the first agenda on all meetings held.

1 Week/ Ongoing

All

500

Minutes of meetings, agenda items.

Start

01-12-16

Introduce a system for task risk assessments and method statements before commencing any critical activities.

Method statements and task risk assessments to be prepared by the construction team and reviewed by the health and safety specialist and same to be conveyed to all operatives.

1 Month

Managers/ Supervisors/ Line Management

500

Random checks on the method statements and task risk assessments records. Hazard registry for all projects separately.

12-01-17

Maintain a hazard registry.

Review objectives and targets at least annually.

Update/ review the objectives and targets and prepare action plans to achieve them.

1 Month

Manager

300

Revision of HSE Plan and memo announcing the health and Safety target for the current year.

12-01-17

Evaluation of emergency response procedure.

Conduct emergency response drills on all facilities/ sites and repeat the drill at least quarterly.

2 Weeks

Manager/ Supervisor/ Line Management

1000

Emergency drill report. Photographs and update of equipment inspection records.

12-12-16

Regular internal audits to be conducted.

More staff to be sent of internal audit trainings and be certified as internal auditors. An audit team to be formed.

3 Months

Managing Director/ Managers

2000

Training report on internal auditor course.

12-03-17

An annual audit plan to be prepared.

1 Month

Manager

300

Audit plan for the year with the names of audit team and audit protocols.

12-01-17

7.2 Hazards and Risk

7.2.1 Working on Scaffolding

Recommendations

Action(s)

Time Scale

Responsibilities

Cost

Success Criteria**

Review Date

Design all scaffolds in use.

Produce design drawings for load bearing scaffolds and non-standard structures. Consider any additional plant, equipment, material or sheeting that could impose additional loadings over and above the standard scaffold design loads.

2 Weeks

Manager/ Design Manager

2000

Design/ scaffold erection drawings and schedules.

12-12-16

Obtain consent from public authorities.

Consent to be obtained from local authorities before erecting scaffolding on footpath or public areas or adjacent to property owners.

1 Month

Manager

1000

No objection letters; letter to public authorities.

12-01-17

Avoid using scaffolds/ ladders for temporary height access.

Use MEWP’s (Mobile elevated working platforms) and mobile access platforms for temporary works.

3 Months

Manager

30000

Local purchase orders. Physical inspection on site. Method statements of temporary works requiring access to height.

12-03-17

Warn public/ passers-by and restrict traffic movements at the base of the scaffolding.

Eliminate protruding edges. Employ a flag man, warning signs and barriers near the scaffold platform where vehicles are likely to pass and restrict traffic movements.

1 Week

Supervisor

500

Appointment letter/ transfer letters and time sheets.

12-12-16

Provision of passive restraints for material falls/ persons.

Provide safety nets and air bags.

1 Month

Manager

10000

Inspection on site. Check list of fall arrest equipment purchased. Audit safety of stores. Inspect method statements.

12-12-16

Securing the working platform.

All scaffold planks and kick-boards/ toe boards to be well secured and tightened to scaffold structure to prevent displacement.

Immediate (within 2 days)

Supervisor/ Line Management

500

Inspection reports of scaffolding. Physical observation. Inclusion in the inspection checklist.

07-12-16

Secure the scaffold structure to existing structure.

Outriggers/ guy ropes to be tied to the scaffold and secure it against existing structure. Ties removed for any purpose to be fixed back or alternate ties to be used.

Immediate (within 2 days)

Supervisor/ Line Management

500

Inspection reports and photographs.

07-12-16

Proper erection and use of ladders.

All ladders to extent 1m or 5 rungs above the landing platform.

Immediate (within 2 days)

Supervisor/ Line Management

1000

Ladder inspection records, photographs/ reduced number of incidents due to collapse of ladder/ fall from ladder.

07-12-16

Competent persons only to erect, alter or inspect access equipment/ scaffolds.

Appoint a competent person trained in CITB procedures in erecting, handling, inspecting and maintained all access equipment.

1 Month

Manager

2000

Appointment letter. Training register and scaffolder training certificate. Erection and inspection checklists.

12-01-17

Persons erecting scaffolds to undergo a third party training and be certified as a scaffolder.

3 Months

Manager

3000

Inspect scaffold training certificates and list of appointed scaffolders.

12-03-17

Inspect the scaffold regularly.

The appointed competent person to inspect the scaffolding before it is first used; where conditions may cause deterioration of the structure and within a 7 day period are as specified by the temporary works coordinator.

1 Month

Manager/ Supervisor

1000

Inspection reports and photographs

12-01-17

Provide evidence of worthiness of access equipment/ scaffolds.

Use scafftag system signed and marked green and inspected by the competent person not less than 7 days.

2 Weeks

Supervisor/ Line Management

1000

Inspection on site. Unused scaffoldings marked as red. Green tags are signed off on a daily basis before work commences.

12-12-16

Arrest debris/ materials from falling.

Debris guards/ debris netting and fans to be provided for high rise scaffolds and those close to public areas.

1 Month

Manager

1000

Inspection of site. Check method statements. Check local purchase orders. Dust emission records.

12-01-17

Monitor misuse of scaffolds and access equipment.

Appoint inspectors to randomly check if edge protection is removed and no unauthorized alterations are made.

Immediate (within 2 days)

Supervisor

2000

Inspection records and daily scaffold checklists.

07-12-16

All operatives to be trained especially the persons erecting scaffolds.

Provide training/ tools box to all operatives and supervisory staff involved in the use of suspension equipment such as lines and harnesses, and how to inspect and assess PPE before use.

1 Month

Manager

3000

Training records, training registers. Personal interviews. Demonstration of use of PPE.

12-01-17

Ensure good housekeeping.

Task a housekeeping team to look for removed nuts, washers and to clean up grease, oil, paint etc. and to dispose all left over materials on a daily basis.

Immediate (within 2 days)

Supervisor/ Line management

500

Inspect housekeeping records and checklists. Inspect records of fall due to slips/ trips.

07-12-16

Provide suitable personal fall arrest systems.

Provide safety harnesses with 2 lanyards and provisions for securing/ hooking.

Immediate (within 2 days)

Manager

4000

Visual observation while doing the activity. Check purchase orders for safety harnesses. Review method statements.

07-12-16

7.2.2 Noise from Construction Equipment/ Machineries

Recommendations

Action(s)

Time Scale

Responsibilities

Cost

Success Criteria**

Review Date

Establish noise exposure limits.

Measure the exposure limit value not exceeding 85 dB (A)/ peak sound pressure of 140 dB (C) at the ear for all affected persons.

2 Weeks

Manager

1000

Record of noise monitoring and establishment of first action level and peak action level.

12-12-16

Purchase less noisy equipment.

Revise the purchasing policy and introduce a low- noise purchasing strategies for all construction related equipment.

3 Months

Procurement manager

1000

Revised procedure for purchasing and list of suppliers and certificates from manufacturers on low noise qualities.

12-03-17

Isolate the noisy equipment/ machineries.

Keep the compressor/ generator and all static machineries covered with sound proof material.

1 Month

Manager/ Supervisor

5000

Physical observation and maintenance records. Purchase orders of sound proof covers.

12-01-17

Screen the noise source with a barrier, soil heap or locate behind partly completed buildings.

Reduce noise due to vibration of machineries.

All static machineries to be mounted on anti-vibration mounts.

1 Month

Manager

3000

Physical observation. Maintenance records and local purchase orders.

12-01-17

Health surveillance.

Conduct audiometry test on all vulnerable workers/ operators and results to be conveyed and kept as records.

1 Month

Manager

3000

Audiometry records for all staff clearly categorized separately for people with defects and healthy. Health records/ medical reports.

12-01-17

Encourage participation from employees.

Encourage employees to seek medical advice if hearing damage is suspected.

1 Month

Supervisor/ Line management

500

Check record of referrals to clinic/ hospitals for hearing complaints.

12-01-17

Reduce duration of exposure to workers.

Identify noisy areas and limit the workers in and around the area by adjusting the work schedules.

Immediate (within 2 days)

Supervisor/ Line management

1000

Check time sheets/ work schedules for all workers.

07-01-17

Redesign the pedestrian routes.

Modify/ re-design the pedestrian routes to avoid passing through noisy activity areas/ equipment.

2 Weeks

Manager

1000

New sign marked pedestrian routes with barricades and hazard warning signs.

12-12-16

Provision of safe havens.

Provide sound proof rest facilities/ safe havens on site.

2 Months

Manager

20000

Physical observation and noise monitoring records.

12-02-17

Reduce public interfaces.

Access roads to site to be re-positioned such that equipment and machinery movements cause minimum disturbances to residential buildings/ public.

2 Weeks

Manager

2000

Inspect vehicle routes and interview drivers regarding the knowledge of new route.

12-12-16

Training.

Training on the likely noise exposure and risk to hearing; where and how to obtain hearing protectors; how to report defects in hearing protectors and noise control equipment and employees duties.

2 Weeks

Manager/ Supervisor/ Line Management

5000

Checking training matrix, employee training records, training registers and personal interview.

12-12-16

Provision of personnel hearing protection devices.

Provide ear defenders/ muffs to all personnel who are entering the hearing protection zones.

1 Month

Manager

3000

Inspect stores. Check the purchase orders and personal interviews with workers.

12-01-17

* Costs: Calculated based on the assumed man-hours spend by the responsible persons and the equipment, material and training costs. Man-hours are calculated based on the following assumptions:

** Success criteria can be generally attributed to reduced number of injuries, dangerous occurrences, non-conformances and enforcement actions

Top Management (MD):

500 per hour

Supervisor/ Line management:

100 per hour

Managers:

250 per hour

Workers/ Labourers:

50 per hour

7. REFERENCES/ BIBILIOGRAPHY

1) CRONER 2006, The Law of Health and Safety at Work. By Norman Selwyn, Surrey

2) IOSH 2007, Health and Safety: hazardous agents. By Dr. Chris Hartley, Leicester

3) Health and Safety Executive, 1998, Five Steps to Risk Assessment: Case Studies., HSG183, HSE Books, Sudbury

4) Health and Safety Executive, 2006, Successful health and safety management. HSG65, HSE Books, Sudbury

5) RMS 2006, Workplace and Work Equipment. A study book for the NEBOSH National Diploma, Sturbridge

6) Health and Safety Executive, 1996, Slips and Trips: Guidance for Employers on Identifying Hazards and Controlling Risks. HSG155, HSE Books, Sudbury

7) Health and Safety Executive, 1995, Sound Solutions. HSG138, HSE Books, Sudbury

8) Health and Safety Executive, 1999, Health Surveillance at Work. HSE HSG61, HSE Books, Sudbury

9) Health and Safety Executive, 2006, Health and Safety in Construction. HSG150, HSE Books, Sudbury

10) Health and Safety Executive, 1996, The Costs Of Accidents at Work. HSG96, HSE Books, Sudbury

11) Bo Xia, 2016, Falls from Height in the Construction Industry: A Critical Review of the Scientific Literature

12) NEBOSH 2006, Guide to the NEBOSH National Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety

13) Health and Safety Executive, 1998, Reducing Noise at Work. Guidance on the Noise at Work Regulations 1989, L116, HSE Books, Sudbury

14) British Standards Institution, 2004, Temporary works equipment Part 1: Scaffolds performance requirements and general design. BS EN 12811-1: 1994, BSI, London

15) British Standards Institution, 1994a, Hearing Protectors: Recommendation for the Selection, Use, Care and Maintenance. BS EN 458: 1994, BSI, London

16) Fact sheet, 258, ‘Occupational and community noise’, World Health Organization, revised 2001

17) Health and Safety Executive, nk, INDG275: Managing Health and Safety, Five Steps to success. HSE Publications, Sudbury

18) Construction (Design and Management) (Amendment) Regulations 2000 (SI 2000 No. 2380)

19) Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1966 (SI 1966 No. 95)

20) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (SI 1999 No. 3242)

21) Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1988 (SI 1998 No. 2306)

22) Work at Height Regulations 2005 (SI 2005 No. 735)

23) Noise at Work Regulations 1989 (SI 1989/1790)

24) Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (SI 1998/2306) (as amended by SI 1999/ 860 and SI 1999/2001)

25) Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 (SI 1992/3073) (as amended by the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1994 (SI 1994/ 2063)

26) Abu Dhabi Municipality (2002), Code of Construction. Abu Dhabi:nk

27) HSE The Health and Safety Executive, http://www.hse.gov.EU/construction.html (Accessed 2 September 2016)

28) European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.europa.eu.html (Accessed 3 September 2016)

29) 5 steps to risk assessment, HSE, INDG163(rev2), HSE books, ISBN 0, 7176 6189 X

30) Management of Health and Safety at Work ACOP & Guidance for the Management of health and safety at work Regulations 1999, L21, HSE Books 2000, 0717624889

31) INDG 401 – The Work at Height Regulations 2005 (as amended) A brief guide

32) Construction safety – https://www.osha.gov/doc/ (Accessed 3 September 2016)

33) Barbour Safety Knowledge, Barbour Checklist: BS OHSAS 18001 Audit Checklist, http://www.barbour.info/webservicesv4.1/hsloginpage.aspx (Accessed 3 November 2016)

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